The HafenCity core location has sustainable qualities Essay

The HafenCity center area has manageable characteristics - Essay Example These standards are fundamental in characterizing the coherence and trustworthiness of urban planned frameworks. This in the long run would result to the organizers having an idea on the most proficient method to design and foresee urban biological and financial advancements points of view. Moreover, it will upgrade the harmonization, trustworthiness and common consistency with the expectation and urban advancement records. Accordingly, urban improvements that are economical should concentrate on goals that are long haul. Notwithstanding that, it should address the current ecological and financial issues existing in the urban areas and furthermore center around future preconditions (Vanags and Grizans, 2010, p.1100). Urban communities are viewed as regional and financial unit in which monetary and business exercises are completed, openings for work are made, rise of new advancements happen. In spite of the benefits of Hafencity Humbug city extension, it presents dangers to the manageability of the earth as it will prompt expanded populace and modern development. In such cases, the interest for urban assets will radically increment and thusly the measure of waste stream. The urban organizers may endeavor to give upgrades to the neighborhood condition while insufficiently tending to issues, for example, the exhaustion of the ozone layer and a dangerous atmospheric devation which are portrayed by urban conduct outside effects. In this way, in such a specific circumstance, urban practical advancement ought to be seen as a more extensive objective of essential fixing, moving in the direction of accomplishing a feasible worldwide turn of events. These objectives are veered towards the advancement of be tween generational value, geological value, social equity and natural stewardship (Haughton 1997, p.193). Notwithstanding that, the archives used to detail city procedures are wide and might overlook significant data expected to screen the

The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs

Chapter by chapter guide Introduction Use of brutality Gangs against one another Negative effects of packs Why adolescents join groups Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Salinas is the biggest district in the Monterey County in California. It has a few neighborhood groups, for example, Surreno and Norteno that carry out different wrongdoings. The wrongdoings the packs submit incorporate burglary, manslaughter and lawful offense ambush among others. It is assessed that they are more than sixty dynamic packs in the Monterey County.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The posses include around 5000 individuals who include in various degrees of wrongdoing. Sixteen of the packs are found in Salinas with around 3000 individuals. The posses release brutality on the individuals in Salinas including kids paying little heed to their age. The packs in Salinas used unrefined weapons, f or example, blades, binds and custom made firearms to assault the occupants of Salinas in the prior years yet at present they use handguns, shotguns, explosives, programmed rifles and Molotov rifles. A portion of the zones in Salinas where the packs work are so vicious, they take after combat areas, and numerous individuals are compelled to rests on floors to abstain from being shot (Gangs 1). Group viciousness in Salinas is high and the general public has been influenced contrarily. Utilization of savagery The groups in Salinas use viciousness to impart dread in the network consequently gain control over the individuals as they bovine under dread and danger. The groups murder individuals as they gather income from posse exercises as Salinas fills in as an entryway for dealing of medications, for example, cocaine and heroin among others (Lee 1). The gangs’ movement has been on the ascent and the size of savagery saw in Salinas is extremely high thinking about that Salinas has a populace of beneath 250, 000 individuals. The murder occurrences identified with packs are on the expansion and in 2009, the quantity of manslaughter casualties remained at 26 (Parsons 1). Posses against one another Gangs in Salinas frequently battle against one another and as the groups participate in shootouts stray projectiles harm honest individuals, for example, the 6-year-old kid who was executed by a wanderer shot as he played inside his home. Besides, a wanderer slug struck a 10-year-old young lady as she strolled home during a posse drive by shootout (Lee 1). The groups additionally participate in retaliatory shootouts and blameless individuals are trapped in the line of fire losing their lives. Antagonistic effects of packs Gang exercises in Salinas demolish the general public socially and monetarily as individuals are compelled to close their organizations in posse zones because of terrible discernment, which additionally disheartens financial specialists. The conclusi on of organizations expands joblessness levels and more young people get into groups to bring in cash. Furthermore, groups assault ladies and kids making the general public extremely risky. As such, the posses influence Salinas’ entire population.Advertising Looking for exposition on morals? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gang brutality prompts weakening of families as they attempt to adapt to the misfortunes of their darling or high hospital expenses for those harmed by the posses and builds the clinical expenses. Also, the training of the young people who join the packs is influenced as most drop out of school. Subsequent to dropping out of school, one can't get beneficial work because of scholarly underachievement in this manner people just as the general public countenances financial underdevelopment (Mendoza 5). Why adolescents join groups Many youngsters join the Salina packs while still in school, as schools are acceptable reason for enrollment. For example, Alisal High School had the issue of pack viciousness, high dropout rate and poor scholastic execution (Goodfellow 51). Understudies are tricked into the groups because of elements, for example, peer pressure, energy, neediness, insurance and the mainstream society that holds onto savagery as found in melodies and films. Understudies who need parental direction and security look for it in the groups where they feel a feeling of having a place henceforth insurance. The individuals who originate from poor foundations join the packs to bring in cash while others simply join the groups to straighten something up and fervor of shaking firearms like the their saints in motion pictures do. The youthful school going youngsters are defenseless against joining posses and deliberate endeavors from both the legislature and guardians is required to guarantee that the kids don't become individuals from groups by giving them appropriate direction a nd instructing them on the threats of joining packs as they could likewise wind up turning out to be casualties of their adversary packs. On the other hand, the expansion of posse individuals can be accused on guardians who have ignored their youngsters instead of their professions. The guardians leave their kids unattended for significant stretches and the solo condition makes kids powerless against posses. A few guardians are not associated with their children’s live and neglect to see that their youngsters have become individuals from groups as certain guardians accept that their kids can't be individuals from posses just other kids can be individuals (History of packs 1). What's more, youngsters are additionally having children and wound up joining packs, as they can't take of their children. Others join the packs because of medication use as the unaided conditions make kids powerless against drugs. Moreover, the legislature likewise shares the fault of the expansion of g roups in Salina because of the nearness of scarcely any cops consequently they can't handle the pack issue adequately. Firearms are effectively accessible in Salinas consequently posses obtain them effectively as they have gotten innovatively progressed and no longer depend on weapons, for example, blades (Hunter 1).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion There is the need to keep kids from joining packs. The counteraction endeavors must include everybody in the general public from the legislature, the police, guardians and instructors. Kids must be debilitated from utilizing viciousness on others as it prompts the destruction of the entire society. Guardians must discover time for their youngsters to offer them direction and a feeling of having a place with the goal that they don't look for it from the groups. The guardians should likewise work more diligently to acco mmodate their youngsters with the goal that they don't need and want to join the groups. The legislature must expand the financial plan in Salinas to utilize more police to manage the expanded degree of viciousness and stem out groups from the general public. Educators have a duty of controlling the kids to direct of groups as most are enlisted in schools. All the more critically, youngsters ought to be disheartened from rehearsing what they see in the mainstream society as the way of life loves savagery, which the kids disguise, and practice. Except if brutality is controlled from its underlying foundations not exclusively is the fate of Salinas in danger, yet in addition that of the entire nation as well. Works Cited Gangs. 2011. Web. Goodfellow, Graham. â€Å"These Rotarians.† The Rotarian, 59.3. 1-64. History of packs. 2011. Web. Tracker, Chris. Standing up to Salina’s posses. 2010. Web.Advertising Searching for paper on morals? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Lee, Vic. Norteno and Surreno packs assaulted in Salinas, 2010. Web. Mendoza, Georgina. Salinas far reaching methodology for network wide brutality decrease 2010-2012. 2010. Web. Parsons, Larry. Shooting passing imprints 26 manslaughters in Salinas. 2009. Web. This exposition on The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs was composed and presented by client Gideon Cash to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Synthesis Techniques for Fabrication of Nanofibers

Combination Techniques for Fabrication of Nanofibers Section # 02 Combination Techniques Presentation The diverse combination methods for manufacture of nanofibers and nanoparticles will be talked about quickly in this section. The chose methods and the exploratory methodology for the combination of the nanoparticles and composite nanofibers will be talked about in detail. Blend Techniques for Nanoparticles Blend technique being utilized for the readiness of nanomaterials is one of the most significant components that influence the various properties of the nanomaterials. There are two significant classes of union methods utilized for arrangement of nanoparticles Base up approach Top-down methodology Base up Approach Base up approach alludes to the union methods wherein nanoparticles are made from nuclear scale to nanoscale. There are various strategies which allude to base up approach Co-precipitation method Sol-gel method Wet-Chemical Methods In these strategies the forerunner arrangements with fitting stoichiometric proportions are combined and handled through warming bringing about the ideal item. Wet compound techniques are invaluable on the grounds that the molecule size and shape is controllable and furthermore the homogeneity in molecule size conveyance can be accomplished by these strategies [ref]. these variables assume an essential job in improving the various properties of the material, for example, basic properties, warm properties, electrical properties and so forth. The given instances of the base up strategy are arranged as wet-concoction procedures. In co-precipitation strategy, the forerunner arrangements are combined and are warmed at a fittingly chosen temperature. The nucleation happens accelerates are framed. The by side-effects are washed away and the came about powder is additionally prepared for the diverse wanted portrayals. Both the strategies are beneficial in their own specific manners yet sol-gel technique is increasingly helpful and effective strategy for the readiness of nanomaterials at properly chose conditions. Likewise the significant disadvantage of co-precipitation technique is the non-consistency of particles because of the serious agglomeration during the blend [ref] Top-down Approach In top-down methodology, the material is handled from mass state to nano system by various strategies. Strong state response technique is one of top-down strategies. Strong state Reaction Method In strong state response technique the antecedents are straightforwardly blended and ground into fine powder. The powder is additionally handled through pressure driven press and is pelletized for high warmth treatment for the most part said to sinter. The sintered pellet is described to check the ideal properties of the example. The procedure happens at the interface of the solids (antecedents) at higher temperature. The suitable preparing temperature and response time is chosen especially for the antecedents utilized. At higher temperature, the dispersion of reactants begins making the response start. For quicker response, high surface contact territory of the solids and little dispersion separation for the reactant is required which is accomplished by the well-blending of the forerunners [ref]. In spite of the fact that this is a minimal effort technique yet the significant disadvantage of this strategy is the non-homogeneity in molecule appropriation and size. Contamination in wanted stage is likewise presented during the granulating system of the forerunners. The ideal nanostructure is likewise difficult to accomplish by this procedure [ref 54]. Sol-gel Synthesis Technique for NaxLi1-xCoO2 (x=0.0,0.5,1.0) Sol-gel strategy is one of the wet-concoction strategies for the arrangement of the different nanostructures. The assortment of nanostructures can be delivered by controlling the different parameters of sol-gel procedure, for example, the kind of antecedents, dissolvable sort, preparing temperature and so on the significant bit of leeway of the sol-gel process over different techniques is the stage virtue of the item just as the homogeneity in the molecule size and molecule size circulation. This procedure includes two significant advances Hydrolysis Buildup Hydrolysis of the chose metal oxide antecedent happens framing the specific hydroxides. The buildup happens to frame a system of connected hydroxides as thick permeable gel. In sol-gel process the antecedent arrangements are combined with a reasonable gelling operator in properly chose proportion. The arrangement is then blended homogeneously and warmed until the gel is framed. The temperature is further raise to consume the gel which brings about powder development. The powder is heat treated and described to examine the ideal properties. Test Procedure Sol-gel technique is utilized for the readiness of structure NaxLi1-xCoO2 (x=0.0,0.5,1.0). the forerunners utilized are: Li2SO4.H2O (99.99% immaculateness), Cu(NO3)2.6H2O (99.99% virtue) and NaNO3 (99.99% immaculateness). The chose antecedents were included suitable stoichiometric sums into ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol was utilized as gelling specialist. The molar proportion between the complete mass of forerunners to the volume of the gelling specialist was kept 1:14 to accomplish the homogeneity. The arrangement was at first attractively mixed at room temperature to get the homogeneous arrangement. The arrangement was then warmed at 100Â ±2Â ºC until the development of the gel. The temperature of the gel was additionally expanded upto 150Â ±2Â ºC which made the gel consume. The came about powder was hen handled through pressure driven press to plan pellets of measurements 13mm x 3mm. the sintering of the pellets was done at 550 Â ºC for two hours to accomplish high stage immaculateness. The stream graph of the test system is given in figure 2.1 Union Techniques for Nanofibers There are various procedures used to manufacture nanofibers, some of them are referenced Drawing Format Synthesis Stage Separation Self-Assembly Electrospinning Brief detail of every one of these procedures is given beneath Drawing Attracting is the techniqus to manufacture long single nanofiber individually from the bead of polymer. Following advances are engaged with this procedure a substrate material is applied a millimeter drop of polymer arrangement a micropipette is moved towards the drop. When micropipette interacts with the drop, it is pulled back with a specific rate. which relies on the idea of the polymer arrangement. A long nanofiber is drawn from the fluid. The width of the resultant nanofiber relies upon the kind of the polymer, its creation, drawing speed and speed of vanishing of the dissolvable. The significant downside of this strategy is that solitary a solid viscoelastic material that can experience solid disfigurement during this procedure when stress is applied while pulling the nanofiber, can be utilized in this procedure. In this way, decision of material is restricted in this procedure. Layout Synthesis In layout blend, a metal oxide film having pores of nanoscale distance across is utilized. The metal oxide film is put over a hardening arrangement. Polymer arrangement is expelled by the film by applying high water pressure over it. Polymer arrangement subsequent to going through the film interacts with setting arrangement which changes over the polymer arrangement into nanofibers. The measurement of the nanofibers relies upon the width of the pores of layer. Fig. 2.2 show the various advances engaged with this procedure. Stage partition In this instrument, division of stages is included because of the physical incongruence. Following are the means in question A polymer is blended in with a reasonable dissolvable Gelation happens in this blend The last advance includes the partition of stages. One of the stages which is that of the dissolvable is removed abandoning the other outstanding stage. The rest of the stage is the nanofibrous structure. Self-Assembly Self-get together handling includes the littler atoms as essential structure squares to develop the nanofibers. Atoms are immediately composed into an individual and stable structure with prearranged non covalent bonds. Nanofibers of extremely slim distance across can be created utilizing this procedure yet it requires muddled methods. The low profitability is another impediment of this technique. Electrospinning This is the chosen amalgamation strategy for the ebb and flow explore work. Electrospinning is the most proficient and basic strategy to deliver ultra-slender nanofibers. There are various segments of the electrospinning arrangement which incorporate High voltage source Syringe Needle Metal Collector Schematic of electrospinning process High voltage source is utilized in this method. The positive finish of the source is associated with the needle while the metal gatherer is grounded by interfacing it with the negative finish of the voltage source. This makes the potential contrast between the two closures which quickens the polymer arrangement from the needle towards the gatherer as arrangement fly. Before the arrangement stream arrives at the gatherer surface, the dissolvable of the arrangement is vanished and is gathered as an interconnected snare of the filaments. The polymer arrangement in the needle is held because of its surface strain, which initiates a charge on the arrangement surface. The charge repugnance and constriction among the surface charge and its counter cathode causes a power that is legitimately inverse to the surface strain. As the power of the electric field expands, the hemispherical surface of the arrangement at the tip of the needle lengthens to frame a conelike shape called Taylor cone. As the electric field is additionally expanded, the awful electrostatic power conquers the surface pressure of the arrangement and fly of the arrangement is shot out from the Taylor cone. The launched out polymer arrangement experiences precariousness and stretching process which permits the stream to turn out to be long and slim. In the mean time the dissolvable is vanished from the polymer arrangement, abandoning a charged polymer fiber. In electrospinning tech

Capital Punishment Death Penalty - 2268 Words

Capital punishment (death penalty) is one of the most critical issue that has strong defenders and opponents and it have caused more heated arguments and discussions as consistent and strong as that of the argument . This kind of punishment is the most severe form in the U.S. todays and it has different type which lethal injection is the most common (â€Å"Ethics and Law†). Also, many religious arguments have conflict in both side of death penalty in justice and the sanctity of human life (Fagon) . All of these different views and debates on the death penalty caused this issue has become a complex and critical issue in the United States in recent years. also, this issue has been involved with concerns, such as the position of physicians in assisting in executions, and the likelihood of reform, equality of the criminal justice system, and improvement and rehabilitation amid individuals currently serving on death row. Make a decision on capital punishment is so complex and difficult for the federal government. Each side of defenders and opponents have their strong reasons. On the on e hand, offenders believe fear of death prevent people from committing crim. Also, they mention on the Violence Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 which stablished constitutional procedure for the impositionShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) 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There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crim e. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals

Bis 155 Week 2 Quiz Data Analysis with Spreadsheets with Lab

BIS 155 Week 2 Quiz Data Analysis with Spreadsheets with Lab To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/bis-155/bis-155-week-2-quiz-data-analysis-with-spreadsheets-with-lab (TCO 2) In Excel, a relative cell reference: (Points : 2) Indicates a cell’s specific location and the reference does not change when you copy the formula. Contains both an absolute and a relative cell reference Indicates a cell’s relative location from the cell containing the formula; the reference changes when you copy the formula Occurs when a formula directly or indirectly refers to the cell containing the formula (TCO 2) In Excel, an Argument would be best described by which of the following statements? (Points : 2) Calculates the total†¦show more content†¦(Points : 2) Contains another function embedded inside one or more of its arguments Evaluates a condition and returns one value if the condition is true and a different value if the condition is false Evaluates true or false Displays the current date and time (TCO 2) The _____ number is the number of the column in the lookup table that contains the return values. (Points : 2) Lookup value Column index Lookup table Random (TCO 2) To copy a formula, you may use the _____, which is found in the bottom right-hand corner of an active cell. (Points : 2) Sizing handle Pointer Fill handle Insertion point (TCO 2) One benefit of using range names in formulas is that _____ . (Points : 2) It directly or indirectly refers to the cell containing the formula It contains both an absolute and a relative cell reference It identifies the present value of the loan If you copy the formula, you do not have to make the cell reference absolute (TCO 2) The PMT function is best described by which of the following? (Points : 2) It is the periodic interest rate, such as a monthly interest rate It is the total number of payment periods It is the present value of a loan It calculates the periodic payment for a loan with a fixed interest rate and a fixed term (TCO 2) In Excel, a function can be defined as a _____. (Points : 2) Predefined formula that performs a calculation Cell reference or a value List of values and defined names as you enter

The Years 1918-1939, Which Separate World War I From World

The years 1918-1939, which separate World War I from World War II, witnessed profound changes in how technologically advanced military organizations would fight. In most of the cases, during peacetime, military innovation, and technological developments played an empowering or helping role in advancing profoundly new and more operative ways of fighting. In a narrow and strict sense, such innovative improvements were revolutionary. The technological revolution reached the battlefields and forever changed the way that armies required from the fragile airplanes and unreliable tanks of World War I to evolve into more sophisticated weapons by the late 1930s. Amount military innovations which influence the inter-war period, we will focus our†¦show more content†¦These principles are known as Die Truppenfuhrung and shaped the framework for the preparation and conduct of ground operations during World War II. This studies emphasized friction and uncertainty. It requires responsibili ty and exercises judgment for junior officers in the battlefield. It also focuses on the greater use of armored combined to army capabilities on maneuver. Consequently, to the influence of World War I boosted Germany to develop early by the 1920s the coherent combined arms doctrine that focused on decentralization command and control or mission type orders, speeding, surprising, or the aggressive exploitation of every weakness in enemy defensive systems. One of the lessons learned after the first world conflict is the necessity of using the third dimension on military operations. That assumption has been conceptualizing by theorist through doctrine and implements differently from one country to another. The doctrine concerning air force warfare was a direct influence of World War I as a revolution on this domain. The challenge of many military theorists concerned the emergence of the aircraft as a weapon and the adaptation of this emerging capability on military operations. One of the Airpower advocates Giulio Douhet consider the airpower as a tool to use to avoid trench warfare and dramatically shorten wars. Thus, aircraft would attack an enemy’s sources of assets and it is the key to destroying theShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization772 Words   |  4 Pagesself-actualization was introduced by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow s famous work â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† has drawn admiration and crit icisms from supporters and opponents alike. For Maslow, man quest for self-actualization falls within five hierarchical orders set up in a pyramid style. To become everything that one is capable of becoming, Maslow, noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow the standard progression. 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The Shadow Lines free essay sample

Written when the homes of the Sikhs were still smouldering, some of the most important questions the novel probes are the various faces of violence and the extent to which its fiery arms reach under the guise of fighting for freedom. Ghoshs treatment of violence in Calcutta and in Dhaka is valid even today, more than ten years after its publication. What has happened recently in Kosovo and in East Timor show that answers still evade the questions which Ghosh poses about freedom, about the very real yet non-existing lines which divide nations, people, and families. Much has been written about Amitav Ghoshs novels. The Novels of Amitav Ghosh, edited by R. K. Dhawan was published this year by Prestige Books, New Delhi. If I find it necessary to say something more about Ghoshs writing it is because this novel moved me as none other did in the recent times. The Shadow Lines is the story of the family and friends of the nameless narrator who for all his anonymity comes across as if he is the person looking at you quietly from across the table by the time the story telling is over and silence descends. Before that stage arrives the reader is catapulted to different places and times at breath taking tempo. The past, present and future combine and melt together erasing any kind of line of demarcation. Such lines are present mainly in the shadows they cast. There is no point of reference to hold on to. Thus the going away the title of the first section of the novel becomes coming home the title of the second section. These two titles could easily have been exchanged. The narrator is very much like the chronicler Pimen in Pushkins drama Boris Godonow. But unlike Pushkins Pimen this one is not a passive witness to all that happens in his presence, and absence. The very soul of the happenings, he is the comma which separates yet connects the various clauses of life lived in Calcuttta, London, Dhaka and elsewhere. The story starts about thirteen years before the birth of the narrator and ends on the night preceding his departure from London back to Delhi. He spends less than a year in London, researching for his doctorate work, but it is a London he knew very well even before he puts a step on its pavements. Two people have made London so very real to him Tridib, the second son of his fathers aunt, his real mentor and inspirer, and Ila his beautiful cousin who has travelled all over the world but has seen little compared to what the narrator has seen through his mental eye. London is also a very real place because of Tridibs and Ilas friends Mrs. Price, her daughter May, and son Nick. Like London comes alive due to the stories related by Ila and Tridib, Dhaka comes alive because of all the stories of her childhood told to him by his incomparable grandmother who was born there. The tragedy is that though the narrator spends almost a year in London and thus has ample opportunity to come to terms with its role in his life, it is Dhaka which he never visits that affects him most by the violent drama that takes place on its roads, taking Tridib away as one of its most unfortunate victims. Violence has many faces in this novel it is as much present in the marriage of Ila to Nick doomed to failure even before the yes word was spoken, as it is present on the riot torn streets of Calcutta or Dhaka. But the speciality of this novel is that this violence is very subtle till almost the end. When violence is dealt with, the idea is not to describe it explicitly like a voyeur but to look at it to comprehend its total senselessness. Thus the way violence is brought into the picture is extraordinarily sensitive: The narrator says, talking of the day riots tore Calcutta apart in 1964, I opened my mouth to answer and found I had nothing to say. All I could have told them was of the sound of voices running past the walls of my school, and of a glimpse of a mob in Park Circus. I have never experienced such a sound, but God, how these sentences get under the skin, how easy it is to hear that sound, how the heart beats faster on reading these sentences! There are many other reasons why The Shadow Lines is so special a book. It has many of the characteristics that elevate a book to the level of unforgettable literature. First of all there is this simple language. These days when doing acroba tics with words and language has become equivalent to paving new directions in the literary scene, it is heart warming to read a book in which straight forward language s used to convey what the author wants to say. And what messages are conveyed, what new ideas are unearthed! I am one of those readers who likes reading because of the power inherent in words. Whenever I read a new book, I always hope that the book contains sentences and words at least a couple of them that illuminate the heart and mind for a long time after reading, sentences which simply make life easier to live. There is a treasure of such sentences to be discovered in The Shadow Lines. For example, look at what Ghosh says about knowledge and ignorance: e knew the clarity of that image in his mind was merely the seductive clarity of ignorance; an illusion of knowledge created by a deceptive weight of remembered detail. And there is this most beautiful of all sentences I have read for a long, long time And yet , when I look at her (the grandmother), lying crumpled in front of me, her white thinning hair matted with her invalids sweat, my heart fills with love for her love and that other thing, which is not pity but something else, something the English language knows only in its absence ruth a tenderness which is not merely pity and not only love. It is this tenderness of feeling, this feeling of ruth of which the novel is so full of, which moves me. For all the violence that plays the central role in the novel, it is this abundant feeling of tenderness in the novel that the narrator feels for the people, for Tridib, for Ila, for the grandmother, for May, for Robi, that has remained with me. Ghosh is also a humorous writer. It is serious humour. Single words hide a wealth of meaning, for example, the way Tridibs father is always referred to as Shaheb, Ilas mother as Queen Victoria, or the way the grandmothers sister always remains Mayadebi without any suffix denoting the relationship. Also look at this passage that describes how the grandmother reacts on discovering that her old Jethamoshai is living with a Muslim family in Dhaka. She exchanged a look of amazement with Mayadebi. Do you know, she whispered to Robi, there was a time when that old man was so orthodox that he wouldnt let a Muslims shadow pass within ten feet of his food? And look at him now, paying the price of his sins. Ten feet! Robi explained to May in hushed whisper, marvelling at the precision of the measurement. How did he measure? he whispered back at my grandmother. Did he keep a tape in his pocket when he ate? No, no, my grandmother said impatiently. In those days many people followed rules like that; they had an instinct. Trignometry! , Robi cried in a triumphant aside to May. They must have known Trignometry. They probably worked it out like a sum: if the Muslim is standing under a twenty-two foot bulding, how far is his shadow? You see, were much cleverer than you: bet your grandfather couldnt tell when a Germans shadow was passing within ten feet of his food. As I read Robis comments, I laughed, at first. Then I had to swallow hard at centuries old injustice these words were trying to hint at. Finally, another important reason the novel succeeds is because the main characters are very real, almost perfectly rounded. I specially love the grandmother. She is the grandmother many of us recognise. In her fierce moral standards, spartan outlook of life, intolerance of any nonsense real and imagined, she is as real as any patriarch or matriarch worth the name. And there is this very loveable character of the narrator. It is that of a boy who warms your heart, it is that of a man who knows and has lost love more than once in his life and thus makes you feel like hugging him close to your heart. On all scores Amitav Ghoshs The Shadow Lines is a novel which must be read and re-read, thought about and discussed upon. It is a book that stays with the reader long after the last page has been turned and the light has been switched off.

Abraham Lincolns 1838 Springfield Lyceum Address

Abraham Lincolns 1838 Springfield Lyceum Address More than 25 years before Abraham Lincoln would deliver his legendary Gettysburg Address, the 28-year-old novice politician delivered a lecture before a gathering of young men and women in his newly adopted hometown of Springfield, Illinois. On January 27, 1838, a Saturday night in the middle of winter, Lincoln spoke on what sounds like a fairly generic topic, The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions. Yet Lincoln, a little-known lawyer serving as a state representative, indicated his ambition by delivering a substantial and timely  speech. Prompted by the murder of an abolitionist printer in Illinois two months earlier, Lincoln spoke about issues of great national importance, touching on slavery, mob violence, and the future of the nation itself. The speech, which has become known as the Lyceum Address, was published in a local newspaper within two weeks. It was Lincolns earliest published speech. The circumstances of its writing, delivery, and reception, provide a fascinating glimpse at how  Lincoln viewed the United States, and American politics, decades before he would lead the nation during the Civil War. Background of Abraham Lincolns Lyceum Address The American Lyceum Movement began when Josiah Holbrook, a teacher and amateur scientist, founded a volunteer educational organization in his town of Milbury, Massachusetts in 1826. Holbrooks idea caught on, and other towns in New England formed groups where local people could give lectures and debate ideas. By the mid-1830s more than 3,000 lyceums had been formed from New England to the South, and even as far west as Illinois. Josiah Holbrook traveled from Massachusetts to speak at the first lyceum organized in central Illinois, in the town of Jacksonville, in 1831. The organization which hosted Lincolns lecture in 1838, the Springfield Young Mens Lyceum, had probably been founded in 1835. It first held its meetings in a local schoolhouse, and by 1838 had moved its meeting place to a Baptist church. The lyceum meetings in Springfield were usually held on Saturday evenings. And while the membership comprised young men, females were invited to the meetings, which were intended to be both educational and social. The topic of Lincolns address, The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions, seems like a typical subject for a lyceum address. But a shocking event that occurred less than three months earlier, and only about 85 miles from Springfield, surely inspired Lincoln. The Murder of Elijah Lovejoy Elijah Lovejoy was a New England abolitionist who settled in St. Louis and began publishing a stridently anti-slavery newspaper in the mid-1830s. He was essentially chased out of town in the summer of 1837, and crossed the Mississippi River and set up shop in Alton, Illinois. Though Illinois was a free state, Lovejoy soon found himself under attack again. And on November 7, 1837, a pro-slavery mob raided a warehouse where Lovejoy had stored his printing press. The mob wanted to destroy the printing press, and during a small riot the building was set on fire and Elijah Lovejoy was shot five times. He died within an hour. Elijah Lovejoys murder shocked the entire nation. Stories about his murder at the hands of a mob appeared in major cities. An abolitionist meeting held in New York City in December 1837 to mourn for Lovejoy was reported in newspapers throughout the East. Abraham Lincolns neighbors in Springfield, only 85 miles away from the site of Lovejoys murder, certainly would have been shocked by the outburst of mob violence in their own state. Lincoln Discussed Mob Violence In His Speech It is perhaps no surprise that when Abraham Lincoln spoke to the Young Mens Lyceum of Springfield that winter he made mention of mob violence in America. What may seem surprising is that Lincoln did not refer directly to Lovejoy, instead mentioning acts of mob violence generally: Accounts of outrages committed by mobs form the every-day news of the times. They have pervaded the country from New England to Louisiana; they are neither peculiar to the eternal snows of the former nor the burning suns of the latter; they are not the creature of climate, neither are they confined to the slave-holding or the non-slave-holding states. Alike they spring up among the pleasure-hunting masters of Southern slaves, and the order-loving citizens of the land of steady habits. Whatever, then, their cause may be, it is common to the whole country. The likely reason Lincoln did not mention the mobs murder of Elijah Lovejoy is simply because there was no need to bring it up. Anyone listening to Lincoln that night was entirely aware of the incident. And Lincoln saw fit to place the shocking act in a broader, national, context. Lincoln Expressed His Thoughts on the Future of America After noting the menace, and very real threat, of mob rule, Lincoln began to talk of laws, and how it is the duty of citizens to obey the law, even if they believe the law is unjust. By doing that, Lincoln was keeping himself apart from abolitionists like Lovejoy, who openly advocated violating the laws pertaining to slavery. And Lincoln did make a point of emphatically stating: I do mean to say that although bad laws, if they exist, should be repealed as soon as possible, still they continue in force, for the sake of example they should be religiously observed. Lincoln then turned his attention to what he believed would be a grave danger to America: a leader of great ambition who would attain power and corrupt the system. Lincoln expressed a fear that an Alexander, a Caesar, or a Napoleon would rise in America. In speaking about this hypothetical monstrous leader, essentially an American dictator, Lincoln wrote lines which would be quoted often by those analyzing the speech in future years: It thirsts and burns for distinction; and if possible, it will have it, whether at the expense of emancipating slaves or enslaving freemen. Is it unreasonable then, to expect that some man possessed of the loftiest genius, coupled with ambition sufficient to push it to its utmost stretch, will at some time spring up among us? It is remarkable, that Lincoln used the phrase emancipating slaves nearly 25 years before he would, from the White House, issue the Emancipation Proclamation. And some modern analysts have interpreted the Springfield Lyceum Address as Lincoln analyzing himself and what kind of leader he might be. What is apparent from the 1838 Lyceum Address is that Lincoln was ambitious. When given the opportunity to address a local group, he chose to comment on matters of national importance. And while the writing may not show the graceful and concise style he would later develop, it does demonstrate that he was a confident writer and speaker, even in his 20s. And it is noteworthy that some of the themes Lincoln spoke about, a few weeks before he turned 29, are the very same themes that would be discussed 20 years later, during the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates that began his rise to national prominence.

Design Specification Essays

Design Specification Essays Design Specification Essay Design Specification Essay A Requirements I have been asked to set up an ordering system for a clothing company to hold stock records and process orders. The system should reflect the outdoor image of the company. The company colours are blue/yellow and it has a logo, which could be used to personalise the system. The system must be able to: 1. Hold Information 1. hold the details of 20 stock items including, stock code, description, price and quantity in stock 2. hold customer details for 10 clients including full name, address and postcode, current balance and credit limit 2. Take an Order 1. Input name of client (check if name is on record and generate an error message if not) 2. Input stock code for items required (check for valid code and display item and price each) 3. Input quantity of item required (check there is sufficient stock and generate an error message if not) 4. Repeat for up to 5 stock items 5. Calculate the total bill for the items ordered 6. Apply a discount of 10% for orders over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 7. Add VAT at 17.5% (including a way to alter this if it changes) 8. Calculate the overall cost for the invoice (check it is within the clients credit limit and generate an error message if not) 9. Include a way to process or abort the order 3. Produce an Invoice 1. Generate an invoice from the information input in 2 2. Print out the invoice 3. Update the customer current balance to reflect the new order 4. Update the stock to reflect what has been sold 5. Clear out data from order form ready for next order 4. Update Information 1. Update stock quantity when new stock arrives 2. Update customer current balance when an invoice is paid 5. Produce Required Output 1. Display/print out labels for selected customers name, address, postcode 2. Display data about a current stock item by entering the code. 3. Display/print out a current stock list with values 4. Display graphs, eg Customer balances, stock quantities 5. Display and print invoices see 3.1 B System functions The main functions required are: 1. 1. View Stock 2. Check Stock 3. Print Stock 4. Add New Stock 5. Graph Stock Quantities 6. View Customer 7. Print Address Labels 8. Take an Order 9. Pay Invoices 10. Graph Outstanding Balances A button linked to a macro will be required on the menu for each of these functions. C Sheet Layouts I could have used a separate worksheet for each function, but as some function are quite small the layout below avoids too many sheets. As Excel comes with three work sheets as standard I have decided this will suffice so I will use them as follows. 1. Sheet One Label tag Menu 1. The Main Menu with Macro buttons to all functions listed above 2. Stock Check Function (at least one screen below menu macro to return to menu) 3. Print Label Function (at least one screen below stock macro to return to menu 4. Sheet Two Label tag Data 1. Stock detail (Top part of sheet macro to return to menu) 2. Client Details (Bottom part of sheet macro to return to menu) 3. Sheet Three Label tag Order 1. Order Input Top part of slit screen 2. Invoice Bottom part of split screen D Data Fields Data Sheet Stock field headings required 1. stock code Items stock code 2. bin number a number 3. description description of stock item 4. price each retail price of one item 5. stock value calculated from price each times in stock 6. in stock current quantity in stock 7. new stock input area where new stock can be entered 8. ordered extracted from order form on Order sheet if ordered (IF stock code on invoice = stock code for item, then put in quantity for this item, otherwise do nothing) 9. remaining calculated from in stock add new stock take away ordered Client field headings required 1. S name Clients Surname it is assumed each Surname is unique 2. F name Clients Forename 3. address Clients Address 4. town Clients Town 5. postcode Clients Postcode 6. account balance Balance outstanding on account 7. credit limit Maximum credit for client 8. credit remaining calculated from credit limit take away account balance 9. payments Input area for payments to be entered 10. order value extracted from total on Invoice if this client selected (IF S name on invoice = S Name for this client, then put in invoice total, otherwise do nothing) 11. new balance calculated from account balance add order value take away payments E Macros required 1. Main_Menu this always returns user to the top of the Menu sheet from any part of any worksheet 2. View_Stock takes user to the Stock area of the Data Sheet 3. Check_Stock takes user to the area where this function is located 4. Print_Stock selects the area of the Data sheet containing stock data and prints it 5. Add_New_Stock takes user to stock area of Data sheet and selects the top cell in the new stock column 6. Update_Stock Once new stock is entered it copies the value from the remaining column and pastes it in the in stock column and then clears new stock column. User is then returned to main menu. 7. Graph_Stock takes user to area where graph has been generated and gives option to print the graph 8. Print_Graph selects graph and prints it 9. View_Clients takes user to the Stock area of the Data Sheet 10. Take_Order takes user to the Order Sheet 11. Labels takes user to the area where this function is located displays label for selected client and offers choice to print out label 12. Print_Labels selects and prints label from screen 13. Payment takes user to client area of Data sheet and selects the top cell in the payments column 14. Update_Client Once payment is entered it copies the value from the new balance column and pastes it in the account balance column and then clears payment column. User is then returned to main menu. 15. Graph_Balance takes user to area where graph has been generated and gives option to print the graph 16. Print_Graph2 selects graph and prints it 17. Process_Order Selects and prints out the new Invoice. Triggers Update_Client macro. Triggers Update_Stock macro. Triggers Abort_Order macro. 18. Abort_Order Clears all input cells and returns user to main menu. Possible layout for the Main Menu showing macro buttons F Constraints Assumptions 1. Only 20 items of stock are required 2. Maximum amount of stock held will be 100 3. Only 10 clients are required 4. Clients will have unique names 5. Only up to 5 items will be ordered at any one time 6. VAT is 17.5% 7. Discounts will be 10% on orders over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 G Testing 1 Comprehensive test data will be required to check 1. All outputs are as expected 2. Invalid stock codes are rejected 3. Clients not on file are rejected 4. Order quantity is not over the current stock 5. Printed invoice matches all data input 6. Invoice total is correct. 7. All cells, other than those required for input, are protected 2 Each formula must be tested to ensure it performs correctly 1. Does it perform the correct function? 2. Does it give the correct answer? 3 Each Button must be tested to ensure it functions as expected 1. Check each macro works independently 2. Check different sequence of buttons to ensure one does not effect another

Anthro 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthro 101 - Essay Example So little is known about Sahelanthropus and Ardipithecus that it is challenging to place it conclusively on the tree. Sahelanthropus was discovered by Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye in 2001 in Chad, in the southern Sahara desert. Sahelanthropus has small brain size, brow ridges and small canine teeth, which are characteristic of later hominids. Ardipithecus discovered by a team led by Tim White, Berhane Asfaw and Gen Suwa in the years 1992 and 1993 in Ethiopia. Ardipithecus is a spectacularly complete fossil with about 120 cm (311") tall and weighs about 50 kg (110 lbs). In August 1995, Meave Leakey, a zoologist at the National Museums of Kenya and her colleagues reported the discovery of hominids from the Lake Turkana region in northern Kenya. These finds, predominantly from the site of` Kanapoi, range in age from 3.9 to 4.2 million years and consist mostly of, teeth and jaws, They show strong similarities with A. afarensis but the Kanapoi hominids are characterized by a series of anatomical features that distinguish them as a new species. A. anamensis. Although characters such as tooth formation and the propping of the frontal part of the jaw are dissimilar in these two species, the more primeval character state in Australopithecus anamensis makes it a good ancestor to Australopithecus afarensis. Australopithecus afarensis was discovered by Donald Johanson in 1973 at Hadar in Ethiopia. It was an adult female of about 25 years. Her pelvis, femur (the upper leg bone) and tibia show her to have been bipedal. She was about 107 cm (36") tall (small for her species) and weighed about 28 kg (62 lbs) From the figure above, Australopithecus anamensis is judged to be a sole ancestor to Paranthropus aethiopicus and robustus, and because they both displays a host of features derived in the robust direction, they are not viewed as an

General History of Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

General History of Planning - Essay Example egic implication and enclose choices that are possible on future suggestions based on present decisions hence encouraging the improvement of human settlement. The Roman Grid and Spanish law Idies were to instigate fear between the people of U.S who were not originally Americans, but Indians who settled there. It also created an understandable and a supervised area where by colonies used to place innovated architecture (Bryson, 2011). Due to the reasons of trading and spacing and during events such as military and other occasions, the Roman Grid and Spanish law Idies gave measurements and the shapes of the Central Plaza. On the other hand, the Marxism Building involves simply tackling ranges of sociological problems. The aim of Marxism is to contribute theoretical model by ascertaining their shortcomings. However, this Marxism engages the normative assurance instead of beliefs in technical virtues. Mixed scanning is a mode that involves decision making with high order. This term is used to indicate collections and evaluation of data and also concluding elements that are involved in the same process (Brson, 2011). While increment does not base on the best way, but searches for an alternative, because the decision makers do not have the resources together with the ability to arrive at decisions. On the contrary, a rational model basically deals with ideals whereby the decision making for an organization can almost be realistic and

Philosophy and Socrates Essay Example for Free

Philosophy and Socrates Essay SOCRATES THE PHILOSOPHER Socrates is a noteworthy and important historical figure as a philosopher, because of his and his pupils influence on the development of the philosophical world. His teachings, famous arguments, and ideas began the outgrowth of all later western philosophies. Born in 469 BC just outside of Athens, Socrates was brought up properly, and thoroughly educated. He was raised as most Athenians; developing both physical and mental strengths. Socrates then went on to learn from Archelaus the philosopher. Here he studied astronomy, mathematics, and was introduced to philosophy, which was a new concept at the time. Archelaus taught of explanations for the world with a scientific approach. Socrates, however, turned away from this idea and created his own. He decided that instead of trying to understand the universe, a person should try to understand himself. To express his philosophy, Socrates spent his days in the marketplace of Athens, telling people of his ideas. His voice was heard, and he was soon declared to be the wisest of all men. Socrates was skilled in the art of arguing. He developed a method by which he would win every debate. His favorite hobby was going to the marketplace and debating philosophical issues with other men in front of an audience. The result of these debates was that Socrates embarrassed the wise men in front of the crowd. This caused many to dislike him. After being named the wisest man, Socrates attempted to prove that this was not true. He debated with many men in the streets. These debates are some of his most famous argument methods. He started the discussion by stating that he knew nothing. As a result of the debate, he was able to prove that although his opponents claimed that they were wise, they knew nothing either. Socrates concluded that he really was the wisest man because unlike the others, he knew that he knew nothing. Socrates had many ideas and philosophies concerning issues other than the knowledge of oneself. These included explanations of the universe, the belief in god, and lifes goals. Other, earlier philosophers, had many different interpretation for the makeup of the world. Some believed that it was made out of numbers, others thought that it was made of a single substance, or many different substances, while still conflicting philosophers theorized that everything was formed out of atoms, and even illusions. Socrates had his own, different ideas. He believed that the world was made of forms that are not within the reach of our senses, but only of our thoughts. This means, for example, that when we think of characteristics such as roundness, we only picture ideas of it like a ball or a wheel. Therefore, he assumed that we only understand specific things that participate in our lives. In his search for the inner truth of oneself, Socrates theorized the explanation to the question of what the goals of life are. He concluded that everyone tries to find the meaning of happiness and goodness in their existence. This is the purpose of life. However, true happiness comes in many forms and is disguised in a way that people spend their lives looking for goodness, but finding only the evil in which it is concealed. The only way to discover true happiness, goodness, and the right way, is to fully understand oneself. Socrates did not believe in the Greek gods or religion. He had his personal view of god. Socrates felt that there must be some form of divine power because everyone seemed to believe in some kind of god and religion. He also believed in a sort of immortality. He hypothesized that there was an afterlife. His explanation for it was that people who had achieved goodness in their lives knew where they were going afterwards, and that evil people tried to ignore the fact that immortality existed. He preached that the soul was a persons true being, and that our goodness in life reflected on the goodness of our souls. According to Socrates, each individual should try to make his soul as moral as possible so that it can be like god, which will allow the achievement of an afterlife. Debating in the marketplace of Athens was not Socrates only daily activity. He also taught his philosophies to a group of students in a small classroom. These students were much like disciples. They respected and followed in the philosophies of their teacher. Socrates most famous pupil, Plato, went on to become a great philosopher like his mentor. Socrates lived through and fought in the Peloponnesian War. After Athens defeat, the democracy was replaced by a tyranny. This did not bother Socrates much because his belief in government was a rather simple and apathetic one. He thought that no matter what kind of government subsists; it should be followed solely because a form of law and order must exist in a society to control it. One of the tyrannys leaders was a former pupil of Socrates and hated his teacher. He tried to make life harder for Socrates by banning the t eaching of philosophy in the streets. Socrates ignored him. In response to this, the tyrant tried to kill Socrates; but the tyranny was overthrown right on time to prevent this. A new democratic government came into power, the leader of which, Anytus, also hated Socrates because his son, who was the philosophers pupil, turned away from the familys business to become a philosopher. Anytus had Socrates arrested on charges of corrupting Athens young and turning them away from Paganism, the Greek religion involving a belief in many gods. Anytus announced the death penalty as a punishment for this crime. It was obviously an outrageous sentence for a crime that was not even committed. Socrates was brought before a jury and instead of using his debating skills to defend himself, he did nothing in his own defense because he was convinced that the entire trial was a joke. The jury voted on the death penalty. Now Socrates had a chance to appeal to the court. He was entitled to suggest forms of punishment other than death to satisfy his crime. Instead of proposing a reasonable penalty, Socrates suggested ridiculous ones which angered the jury; causing them to vote on the death penalty once again. Socrates did not seem to mind at all. He was sent to prison and lived their surrounded by his friends and disciples for his last few days. His life ended by drinking hemlock as his friends cried at his bedside. Only after this scandalous death, did all of Greece realize what they had done; that they had killed one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Socrates life achievements were vast. He introduced new ideas and theories into the philosophical world. His pupil, Plato, went on to influence all of the western worlds philosophical development. Socrates began the evolution of philosophy throughout the world. He took the first step toward advancing modern philosophy, as we know it. His theories and ideas were a whole new concept that helped progress the western philosophy through all of later history. In conclusion, Socrates historical importance is great, due to his extreme influence on the evolution of the worlds ideas of philosophy. Even though Socrates never made written records of his work, his finest and most successful pupil, Plato, recorded much of his teachers accomplishments and deeds. From these history has learned so much as to be able to advance and heighten its entire philosophical viewpoints; and until this day, learn from the ancient philosopher, Socrates. INTERVEIW WITH A PHILOSOPHER: Mark ? Socrates, you were raised and educated in many different fields, why did you decide to spend your life as a philosopher? Socrates ? It is true that I have been educated in the arts, literature, and gymnastics as a youth; but in my continuing education as you may already know, I was taught by Anaxagoras, the famous early philosopher. His theories were not ones with which I would agree; such as those stating that all things were made of tiny substances which contained a little of everything, that the sun was a hot rock, and that the moon was made of earth. For these teachings, he was banished from Athens. Nevertheless, he was a good teacher and allowed me to realize that my philosophies were going to be antiscientific and quite different from his. My following philosophical teacher was Archelaus, with whom I studied mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. I knew that my opinions and theories were strong, I had performing and arguing skills, and my ideas would consist of principles rather than sciences. The simple lifestyle of the philosopher appeals to me. I enjoyed the unusual behaviors that I associated myself with. All that really interested me was the great mysteries of philosophy, and the questions of knowing oneself, which I devoted my life to learning and teaching. Mark ? Your teaching was remarkable and much can be learned from studying it even after your death; why is that you never bothered to record your works for later generations? Socrates ? Many have asked this before and for quite obvious reasons. Most other noteworthy historical figures did keep a record of their works ever since the invention of written language, yet not one of mine exists in writing. I do not exactly know the reason for this. Whether there are records of my work or not, does not matter. I will forever be remembered by my loyal pupils, the Athenian population, and the world. Furthermore, nothing I ever said was of too great importance. And to tell you the truth, I never really wanted to take the time to keep useless records. That nonsense did not concern me nearly as much as most of my other problems as a philosopher. I had to make money somehow, to support my wife and three sons. As you might have guessed, being a philosopher does not exactly bring you riches. One of the reasons I began teaching was to make money. Also, I had to deal with many peoples constant hatred of me, mainly due to my victories in debates against them. Some, with high political positions, even wanted me dead at points of my life. And one even succeeded. So, you see, no matter how simple and easy going my life may seem, there are quite a few difficulties attached to it. Mark ? Your trial and death are quite interesting and famous historical events. They have been interpreted by many and confused some; what caused you to make such drastic and unusual decisions, the consequence of which you knew forehand? Socrates ? This I am aware of. As a matter of fact, some even claim that I was mentally ill, and blame that as the cause for my actions. This of course I deny. The truth includes a mixture between my philosophical beliefs and the thoughts that have occurred to me during my last days. I always believed that there is an after-life. And that must have somehow influenced my decisions. Even though the religious part of this came to me only afterwards. At first many others and I thought that this ridiculous trial was an obvious hoax. Who would have thought that such a crime, which I was evidently not guilty of, be punished by the death penalty. I fooled with the court. They on the other hand were quite serious about it. In the last days, I realized that there was no way out. True I could have argued with the court and won. I could have escaped using the plan devised by my dear friends. But since there was a high-ranking leader who wanted me dead, it was going to happen no matter what. Furthermore, my governmental beliefs stand true in all situations; the law should be followed and that is all. There was not much I was willing to do. After some thinking, I decided to go along with the law, after all, I had lived a happy life. One that I was proud of living, no matter how unusual it may appear to others. I was an old man of seventy. I found and understood myself, and had achieved happiness and goodness. There was nothing more that I desired. I knew what was waiting for me after death and was ready for it. Word Count: 2066.

TQM in Accounting Essays -- essays research papers

Accounting 43 Cost Accounting Costs of Total Quality Management Submitted By: August 4, 2004 Morris De Rosa Total Quality Management or TQM is a management strategy to embed awareness of quality in all organizational processes. The philosophy of TQM goes back to the 1940’s when Dr. Deming started his quality endeavors in Japan. TQM is an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services delivered through the participation of all levels and functions of the organization. TQM aims to do things right the first time, rather fix problems after they emerge or fester. ‘TQM is a management philosophy which seeks to integrate all organizational functions (marketing, finance, design, engineering, production and customer service†¦) to focus on meeting customers’ needs and organizational objectives)’ (Hammett 1). TQM may operate within quality circles which encourage the meeting of minds of the workforce to improve production and reduce waste. In a manufacturing organization, TQM generally starts by sampling a random selection of the product. The sam ple is then tested for things that matter to the real customers. The causes of any failures are isolated, secondary measures of the production process are designed, and then the causes of the failure are corrected. The statistical distributions of important measurements are tracked. When parts' measures drift out of the error band, the process is fixed. The error band is usually tighter than the failure band. The production process is thereby fixed before failing parts can be produced. It's important to record not just the measurement ranges, but what failures caused them to be chosen (Barfield 306). In that way, cheaper fixes can be substituted later, (say, when the product is redesigned), with no loss of quality. After TQM has been in use, it's very common for parts to be redesigned so that critical measurements either cease to exist, or become much wider. It took a while to develop tests to find emergent problems. One popular test is a "life test" in which the sample pr oduct is operated until a part fails. Another po... ...ld 318). The costs of a quality system must be managed so a reasonable value-to-price-relationship can be achieved. High quality will help a company increase profits through lower costs. It is critical that management focus on long term objectives instead of taking a limited outlook on growth and market share. The strategy of focusing on the customer and quality will equate to greater market share and higher profits. Reducing costs should be part of the continuous improvement process. Strategic cost management is the process of utilizing cost information to formulate and communicate strategies to all levels of the organization. A balance must be obtained to provide the customer with a quality product at a cost that provides for a profit for the company. The potential customer is becoming more and more conscious of quality. It makes sense for a business to cut their costs by improving the quality of the product thereby enhancing the appeal of a product or service in the market pla ce. The challenge is for each business to strive for the kind of business culture that will succeed in spite of the unknown and the unknowable. The quality management philosophy searches for this culture. TQM in Accounting Essays -- essays research papers Accounting 43 Cost Accounting Costs of Total Quality Management Submitted By: August 4, 2004 Morris De Rosa Total Quality Management or TQM is a management strategy to embed awareness of quality in all organizational processes. The philosophy of TQM goes back to the 1940’s when Dr. Deming started his quality endeavors in Japan. TQM is an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services delivered through the participation of all levels and functions of the organization. TQM aims to do things right the first time, rather fix problems after they emerge or fester. ‘TQM is a management philosophy which seeks to integrate all organizational functions (marketing, finance, design, engineering, production and customer service†¦) to focus on meeting customers’ needs and organizational objectives)’ (Hammett 1). TQM may operate within quality circles which encourage the meeting of minds of the workforce to improve production and reduce waste. In a manufacturing organization, TQM generally starts by sampling a random selection of the product. The sam ple is then tested for things that matter to the real customers. The causes of any failures are isolated, secondary measures of the production process are designed, and then the causes of the failure are corrected. The statistical distributions of important measurements are tracked. When parts' measures drift out of the error band, the process is fixed. The error band is usually tighter than the failure band. The production process is thereby fixed before failing parts can be produced. It's important to record not just the measurement ranges, but what failures caused them to be chosen (Barfield 306). In that way, cheaper fixes can be substituted later, (say, when the product is redesigned), with no loss of quality. After TQM has been in use, it's very common for parts to be redesigned so that critical measurements either cease to exist, or become much wider. It took a while to develop tests to find emergent problems. One popular test is a "life test" in which the sample pr oduct is operated until a part fails. Another po... ...ld 318). The costs of a quality system must be managed so a reasonable value-to-price-relationship can be achieved. High quality will help a company increase profits through lower costs. It is critical that management focus on long term objectives instead of taking a limited outlook on growth and market share. The strategy of focusing on the customer and quality will equate to greater market share and higher profits. Reducing costs should be part of the continuous improvement process. Strategic cost management is the process of utilizing cost information to formulate and communicate strategies to all levels of the organization. A balance must be obtained to provide the customer with a quality product at a cost that provides for a profit for the company. The potential customer is becoming more and more conscious of quality. It makes sense for a business to cut their costs by improving the quality of the product thereby enhancing the appeal of a product or service in the market pla ce. The challenge is for each business to strive for the kind of business culture that will succeed in spite of the unknown and the unknowable. The quality management philosophy searches for this culture.

Rise of Islam

Rise of Islam BY stall One of the greatest cultural spread experience in world history was the rise of Islam. Beginning in the Arabian peninsula and Middle east, It ruled over areas of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Islam was appealing to people In many different varieties of communities. It brought valuable changes as an outcome of correspondence while frequent In regards affiliating with orthodox local belief structure. Muslims urged new cultural proselytes for hundreds of years, beginning at around 700 CE.There were many conquests, far outstretched trade, and extended missionary movement. The geographical aspects of the Muslim people were fairly well accustomed by 1450 CE, which was the end of the post-classical period. Salami's spread was progressive though remarkably sudden given the substantial geography and assorted regions concerned in. So what really provoked Islam to distribute their culture throughout the globe? How did the intensity of Islam become so surreal? The answer is mi litary conquest, wide spread trade, political domination and religious ideas.A supporter of the spread of Islam was Its religious attractiveness. Islam represented the truth. They ad many fastened rules and laws. People were tempted by Islam due to peace, comfort, and security they distinguish In It. It also appealed to people that there was only one God (Allah), whom had no partner, son, companion or resemblance. The root of the word Islam Is Salem', meaning to be In peace with God. In document B (Verses from the Curran) it reads, â€Å"Those who submit to God and accept the true faith; who are devout sincere, patient, humble ,charitable, and chaste. This shows that Allah was fair to those who were fair to him, not bring unjust fairness to the people of Islam. Another cause of Salami's spread was due to their immense military force. Islam spread vastly to other cultures in a factor of military conquest, even though the religion was forbearing of other beliefs. Muslims rarely ever proceeded their religion with force unto people, commonly looking to charging a special tax on the opposition communities.The famous Jihad, or also known as the holy war recounted by the prophet Muhammad, was primarily used for defense of the faith. It was not used for forced conversion, even though there were minor exceptions. But the triumph of Muslim forces could generate a setting In which other people found It sensible to convert, or in which they were enticed to the religion plainly because of its visible power and accomplishment. During Muhammad' death in 632 CE, a large growth of Islam spread throughout the Arab's.This growth helped impel Arabs to an outpour of conquest, and military rapidly spread through the Middle East, involving the Byzantine Empire. North Africa was one untimely conquest. An unsteady median government, the caliphate, was devised for this West Asian- North African innards by Muhammad inheritors; it thrived until the thirteenth century. Political conquest was a major importance to the thriving of Islam. The Islamic government's primary aim was to Institute a truly Islamic society.Islam does not ponder society to be merely an assemblage of Individuals. Rather, It reckons that society also comprises of their social relationships and the social system In which these Individuals exist. These are perhaps the most ultimate factors of a society, as different isosceles are designated as being developed or undeveloped and complex or plain, according to edge and the structure of the overpowering political system, are all part of the compound web of social relationships that contribute to the structure of society.Therefore, an Islamic society, by visibility, is a supreme society in which social order is esteemed and managed according to fundamental Islamic benefits, teachings and rulings. Lastly, another aspect that caused the blooming of Islam was their extensive trade. The first converts were the Sudanese merchants, accompanied by a few rule rs and courtiers. The masses of rustic peasants, however, endure little grazed.In the lath century, the Lombardi interface, directed by a party of Barber nomads who were stern observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion process a new surge in the Ghana empire and past. The spread of Islam throughout the African continent was neither concurrent nor unvarying, but followed an unhurried and adaptive path. People who spoke of the Islamic religion and its ways of peace strode down the trade routes, spreading Islam to the merchants and people. In conclusion, the spread of Islam was due to the fact that they believed in peace, keeping religion stable and secure.

Meaning and History of the Surname Clement

From the Late Latin given name Clemens, the Clement surname means merciful and gentle. CLEMENT is the English version and CLÉMENT is French. CLEMENTE is a common  Italian and Spanish version of the surname, also originating from the given name Clemens. Surname Origin: French,  English, Dutch Alternate Surname Spellings: CLEMENS, CLEMENTS, CLEMENTE, CLEMMONS, CLEMONS, CLEMMENT Fun Fact  about the Surname Clement Clement was the name of fourteen different popes, including Saint Clement I, the fourth  pope and first of the Apostolic Fathers. Famous People with the Surname CLEMENT Gustave Adolphe Clà ©ment-Bayard -  19th-century French entrepreneur and industrialistJean-Pierre Clà ©ment - French economist and historianMartin W. Clement - 11th president of the Pennsylvania railroadNicolas Clà ©ment - French chemist- MLB baseball player and humanitarian Where is the CLEMENT Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Clement surname is found most prevalently in Nigeria, but in the greatest numbers in France, where it ranks as the 75th most common surname in the country. Clement is also a fairly common last name in Luxembourg (195th most common surname), Wales (339th), Canada (428th) and Switzerland (485th). Genealogy Resources for the Surname CLEMENT French Surname Meanings and OriginsDoes your last name have origins in France? Learn about the various origins of French surnames and explore the meanings of some of the most common French last names. How to Research-French AncestryLearn about the various types of genealogical records available for researching ancestors in France and how to access them. Clement Clements Clemmons Y DNA ProjectJoin with other genealogists interested in combining Y-DNA testing with traditional genealogy research in order to identify common Clement ancestors worldwide. Surnames included in the project include Clement, Clements, Clemmons, Clemons and Clemens. Clement Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Clement  family crest or coat of arms for the Clement surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. CLEMENT Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Clement  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Clement query. DistantCousin.com - CLEMENT  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Clement. GeneaNet - Clement  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Clement  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Clement  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Clement  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.